The Scientific Dating of the Mahabharat War
By Dr.P.V.Vartak
INTRODUCTION
The Mahabharat has excercised a continuous and pervasive influence on the
Indian mind for milleniums. The Mahabharat, orginally written by Sage Ved Vyas
in Sanskrut, has been translated and adapted into numerous languages and has
been set to a variety of interpretations. Dating back to "remote antiquity", it
is still a living force in the life of the Indian masses.
Incidently, the dating of the Mahabharat War has been a matter of challenge
and controversy for a century or two. European scholars have maintained that the
events described in the ancient Sanskrut texts are imaginary and subsequently,
the Mahabharat derived to be a fictitiou tale of a war fought between two
rivalries. Starting from the so- called Aryan invasion into Bharat, the current
Bharatiya chronology starts from the compilation of the Rigved in 1200 B.C.,
then come other Ved's, Mahaveer Jain is born, then Gautam Buddha lives around
585 B.C. and the rest follows. In the meantime, the Brahmanas, Samhi- tas,
Puranas, etc. are written and the thought contained therein is well-absorbed
among the Hindu minds. Where does the Ramayan and Mahabharat fit in ? Some say
that the Ramayan follows Mahabharat and some opine otherwise. In all this
anarchy of Indian histography, the date of the Mahabharat (the mythical story!)
ranges between 1000 B.C.to 300 B.C. Saunskrut epics were academically attacked
occasion- ally - an attempt to disprove the authencity of the annals noted
therein. For example, the European Indologiest Maxmuller, tried the interpret
the astronomical evidences to prove that the observations recorded in the Hindu
scriptures are imaginary, probably because it did not match the prevelant views
of European historians!
On the contrary, many Bharatiya scholars have vehemently maintained the
actual occurance of the Mahabharat War. Astronomical and literary evidences or
clues from the Pauranic and Vaidik texts have been deci- phered to provide a
conclusive date for the Mahabharat War. The fifth century mathematician,
Aryabhatta, calculated the date of the Mahabharat War to be approximately 3100
B.C. from the planetary posi- tions recorded in the Mahabharat. Prof. C.V.
Vaidya and Prof. Apte had derived the date to be 3101 B.C. and Shri. Kota
Venkatachalam reckoned it to be 3139 B.C. However, the astronomical data used by
the above, and many other, scholars contained some errors as examined by a scho-
lar from Pune, Dr. P.V. Vartak. Using astronomical references and variety of
other sources, Dr. Vartak has derived the date of the ini- tiation of the
Mahabharat War to be 16th October 5561 B.C. This pro- posed date has been
examined by a few scholars and has been verfied. This may prove to be a
break-through in deciding the chronology of the events in the history of Bharat
(and probably the World).
In the following few posts, I have made an attempt to provide a glance at the
proofs provided by Dr. Vartak in propounding the date of the very important
landmark in the history of Bharat (World?), i.e., Mahabharat War. Only major
points have been extracted from two sources: Dr.P.V. Vartak's Marathi book
"Swayambhu" and "Scientific Dating of the Mahabharat War" in English.
INSCRIPTIONS
Some scholars rely on the various inscriptions found in the temples and
elsewhere to fix the date of Mahabharat War. If there is no other alternative
then this method is tolerable, otherwise it is not reli- able because all the
known inscriptions are dated as far back as 400 AD. Those who prepared those
inscriptions were not conversant with the scientific methods available now in
the modern Science Age. So, why should we depend on the conjectures of the
ancient people? Why not use scientific methodology to come to the conclusion
ourselves? I will prefer the use of the modern scientific ways to fix the date
of Mahabharat War rather than to rely on the Inscriptions which are vague and
inconclusive. Let us examine two famous inscriptions always quoted by the
scholars.
AIHOLE INSCRIPTION
All the scholars have relied on this inscription found in the Jain Temple at
Aihole prepared by one Chalukya King Pulakeshi. It says, according to scholars,
that the temple was constructed in 30+3000+700+5 = 3735 years, after the Bharat
War and 50+6+500 = 556 years of Shaka era in Kali era. Today Shaka era is 1910.
Hence 1910- 556 = 1354 years ago the temple was constructed. Thus the year of
inscribing this note is 634 AD. At this time 3735 years had passed from the
Bharat War. So the date of the War comes to 3101 BC. This is also the date of
Kali Yuga Commencement. Naturally, it is evident that relying on the beginning
of Kaliyuga Era and holding that the War took place just before the commencement
of Kaliyuga, this inscription is prepared. It is obvious from the Mahabharat
that the War did not happen near about the beginning of Kaliyuga. (I have
considered this problem fully at a later stage.) If we can see that the
inscription is prepared by relying on some false assumption, we have to neglect
it because it has no value as an evidence. Moreover the interpretation done by
the scholars is doubtful because they have not considered the clauses separately
and they held Bharat War and Kali Era as one and the same.
The verse inscribed is :
Trinshatsu Trisahasreshu Bhaaratdahavaditaha | Saptabda Shatayukteshu
Gateshwabdeshu Panchasu | Panchashatasu Kalaukale Shatasu Panchashatsu cha |
Samatsu Samatitasu Shakaanamapi Bhoobhujaam ||
I would like to interprete the verse considering the clauses of the verse. It
says "3030 years from the Bharat War" in the first line, ( Trinshatsu
Trisahasreshu Bhaaratdahavaaditaha) where the first clause oF the sentence ends.
in the second line, the second clause starts and runs upto the middle of the
third line thus ( Saptabda.....Kalaukale) This means 700+5+50 = 755 years passed
in the Kali Era. The remaining third clause is ( Shatasu
Here the verse does not specifically say the Shalivahan Shaka but Scholars
have taken granted that it is Shalivahan Shaka without any base or reasoning.
The verse may have mentioned some other Shaka kings from ancient era. So we we
neglect the doubtful part of the Shaka counting which is useless and adhere to
the Kali era expressly mentioned. It is clear from the former portion of the
verse that 3030 years passed from the Bharat War and 755 years passed from Kali
Era. Kali Era started from 3101 BC. 755 years have passed so 3101-755 = 2346 BC
is the year when 3030 years had passed from the Bharat War. So 2346+3030 = 5376
BC appears to be the date of Bharat War.
HISSE BORALA INSCRIPTION OF DEVA SENA
This inscription is of 5th century AD and scholars hold that it throws light
on the time of Mahabharat War. It states. that Saptarshis were in Uttara at the
time of this inscription. Scholars hold that Saptarshis were in Magha at the
time of Yudhishthira because Varahmihira has stated so in Brihat-Samhita.
Scholars also hold that Yudhishthira's time is 3137 BC. Saptarshis stay in one
Nakshtra for 100 years, and there are 27 Nakshatras. Hence Saptarshis would be
again in Magha 2700 years later during 4th century BC. From here if we count
upto 5th century AD there fall eight Nakshatras. Hence in the 5th century AD,
Saptarshis should be in Anuradha and not Uttara. From Anuradha to Uttara Ashadha
there is adifference of five Naksha- tras, while from Anuradha to Uttara
Phalguni there is a difference of six Nakshatras. So it is quite evident that at
the time of Yudhisthira Saptarshis were not in Magha as held by the scholars.
Here I have shown a mistake of five to six hundreds of years. More- over, there
are three 'Uttaras' and the inscription has not stated specifically which Uttara
it denotes. Thus this source is unreliable and should be rejected.
I have considered Saptarshi Reckoning in details at a later stage on page 11.
While going to examine the sources scientifically, I shall give the honour of
the first place to Astronomy. One may question that how far Astronomy was
advanced in those olden days? I say affir- matively that Astronomy was far
advanced in the ancient times, and the ancient Indian sages had perfected the
science of time measure- ment relying on Astronomy.
GREEK RECORDS
1. "The Greek Ambassodor Magasthenis has recorded that 138 generations have
passed between Krishna and Chandragupta Maurya. Many scholars have taken this
evidence, but taking only 20 years per generation they fixed the date of Krishna
as 2760 years before Chandragupta. But this is wrong because the record is not
of ordinary people to take 20 years per generation. In the matter of general
public, one says that when a son is born a new generation starts. But in the
case of kings, the name is included in the list of Royal Dynasty only after his
corona- tion to the throne. Hence, one cannot allot 20 years to one king. We
have to find out the average per king by calculating on various Indian
Dynasties. I have considered 60 kings from various dynasties and calculated the
average of each king as 35 years. Here is a list of some of important kings with
the no. of years ruling.
Chandragupta Mourya 330-298 B.C. 32 years.
Bindusar 298-273 B.C. 25 years.
Ashok 273-232 B.C. 41 years.
Pushyamitra Shunga 190-149 B.C. 41 years.
Chandragupta Gupta 308-330 A.D. 22 years.
Samudragupta 330-375 A.D. 45 years.
Vikramaditya 375-414 A.D. 39 years.
Kumargupta 414-455 A.D. 41 years.
Harsha 606-647 A.D. 41 years.
---------
327 years.
The average is 327/9 = 36.3 years.
Multiplying 138 generations by 35 years we get 4830 years before Chan-
dragupta Mourya. Adding Chandrgupta's date 320 B.C. to 4830 we get 5150 B.C. as
the date of Lord Krishna.
2. Megasthenis, according to Arian, has written that between Sandro- cotus to
Dianisaum 153 generations and 6042 years passed. From this data, we get the
average of 39.5 years per king. From this we can cal- culate 5451 years for 138
generations. So Krishna must have been around 5771 B.C.
3. Pliny gives 154 generations and 6451 years between Bacchus and Alexander.
This Bacchus may be the famous Bakasura who was killed by Bhimasena. This period
comes to about 6771 years B.C.
Thus Mahabharat period ranges from 5000 B.C. to 6000 B.C.
SHRIMAD BHAGWAT
a) Bhagwat gives 28 Kaurava kings from Parikshit to Kshemaka. "From Kshemaka,
the Pandava Dynasty will end in Kaliyug, and Magadha Dynasty will start."
[Bhagwad 9-22-45]. This implies that the Pandava kings ruled before the advent
of Kaliyug, i.e., before 3101 B.C and Magadha dynasty will not super-impose the
Pandava Dynasty.
b) Further it is stated in Bhagwat that after 28 Kaurava kings, Magadha
Dynasty would rule and 22 Magadha kings would govern for 1000 years. Here it is
given a average of 1000 years for 22 kings. It can be found that the 28 Kaurava
kings would have ruled for 1273 years and then Magadha Dynasty started with King
Sahadeva, whose son was Somapi. On the other hand, Maghasandhi was the son of
Sahadeva and the grand- son of Jarasandha [Ashwamedh-82]. many scholars have
neglected this fact and have assumed that this Sahadeva fought in the Mahabharat
War and was the son of Jarasandha.
c) Ripunjaya is the last king in the list of 22 Magadhas. But Bhagwat
12.1.2-4 mentions that Puranjaya will be the last king who will be killed by his
minister Shunak. It is to be noted that there is no men- tion of the kings
between Ripunjaya and Puranjaya. People have wrongly taken the two names as that
of one and the same person, without any evidence.
d) Bhagwat 12.1.2-4 state that Shunak would coronate his son Pradyota as the
King and later five Kings would rule for 138 years. After this Pradotya Dynasty,
Shishunga Kings, 10 in number, would rule for 360 years. Thereafter 9 Nandas
would rule for 100 years. Nanda would be destroyed by a Brahmin and Chandragupta
would be enthroned. We know that Chandragupta Maurya ascended the throne in 324
B.C. So we can thus calculate backwards:
9 Nandas 100 years
10 Shishungas 360 years
5 Pradotyas 138 years
22 Magadhas 1000 years
28 Kauravas 1273 years
----------- ----------
74 Kings 2871 years
We find here only 74 kings, but Megasthenes tells us about 138 kings. So
138-74=64 kings are missing. These may be from the period between Ripunjaya and
Puranjaya. Thus calculating from the data of 74 kings who ruled for 2871 years,
we get a period of 2496 years for 64 kings. Adding the two we get 5367 years for
138 kings. This is preceding Chandragupta's time, who came to throne in 324 B.C.
Hence, 324+5367 = 5691 B.C. is the approximate date of Parikshit.
YUDHISHTIRA ERA AND KALIYUG
Scholars accept the date of the Mahabharat War to be 3100 B.C. which also
happens to the initiation of the Yudhisthira Era. But this Era, is mentioned
nowhere in the Mahabharat text itself! At the time of Aswamedha of Yudhisthira,
Vyas has given descriptions in minute detail like collection of "Sruva",
formation of wells and lakes, but never has written even a word about, such an
important event, as the begin- ning of the Yudhisthira Era.
Mahabharat also never mentions anything about the beginning of the Kaliyug,
even at the time of Krishna's death. Mahabharat Adiparva 2.13 states that the
War took place in the interphase ("Antare") of the Dwapaar and Kali Eras. Thus
it makes it clear that the evening of the Dwapaar has not yet ended and the
Kaliyug had not started when the War took place.
SAPTARISHIS
Bhagwat states at 12.2.27-32 that Saptarishis stay 100 years in one
Nakshatra. At the time of King Parikshit, the Saptarishis were in Magha. When
they proceeded to Purvashadha, Kali would start. There are 11 Nakshatras from
Magha to Purvashadha. Hence it is seen that Shukacharya tells Parikshit that
after 1100 years Kaliyug will start. Kaliyug started at 3101 B.C. Hence 3101 +
1100 = 4201 B.C. is the date of Parikshit.
Other references from Shrimad Bhagwat points quite closely to the same year
as above.
But who is this Parikshit ? Is he the son of Abhimanyu ? No. A minute
observation of this reveals that the above is not Abhimanyu's son because
Bhagwat is told to this Parikshit. On the other hand, Mahabharat is told to
Janamejaya. In the Mahabharat, Parikshit's death has been recorded. Hence it is
evident that Mahabharat was written and published after the death of Parikshit,
the son of Abhimanyu. Bhagwat is written after Mahabharat according to the
Bhagawat itself. This Bhagwat is told to some Parikshit. How can this Parikshit
be the son of Abhimanyu who died before the Mahabharat writing ? So this
Parikshit appears to be somebody else than Abhimanyu's son.
EQUINOX
Mahabharat mentions the ancient tradition as 'Shravanadini Nakshatrani',i.e.,
Shravan Nakshatra was given the first place in the Nakshatra- cycle (Adi-71/34
and Ashvamedh 44/2) Vishwamitra started counting the Nakshatras from Shravan
when.he created 'Prati Srushti'. He was angry with the old customs. So he
started some new customs. Before Vishvamitra's time Nakshatras were counted from
the one which was occupied by the sun on the Vernal Equinox. Vishvamitra changed
this fashion and used diagonally opposite point i.e. Autumnal Equinox to list
the Nakshtras. He gave first place to Shravan which was at the Autumnal Equinox
then. The period of Shravan Nakshatra on autumnal equinox is from 6920 to 7880
years B.C. This was Vishvamitra's period at the end of Treta yuga. Mahabharat
War took place at the end of Dwapar yuga. Subtracting the span of Dwapar Yuga of
2400 years we get 7880 - 2400 = 5480 B.C. as the date of Mahabharat War.
ASTROLOGY
Some scholars rely on the horoscope of Lord Krishna to calculate his
birth-date so as to establish the period of Mahabharat. But they do not realise
that the horoscope is a forged one, prepared many thousand years after Krishna's
death. Mahabharat Bhagvat and Vishnu purana have not given the planet positions
at the time of Krishna's birth. It is well-known and is recorded in many
scriptures that Krishna was born in a jail, then who could have casted his
horoscope? Moreover Krishna was not a prince so nobody would have casted his
horoscope. Hence it is not wise to rely on the horoscope. It is prepared
recently by consid- ering the charateristics of Krishna and so is useless to fix
the birth-date.
Mr. G.S. Sampath Iyengar and Mr. G.S. Sheshagiri have fixed the birth-date of
Krishna as 27th July 3112 BC. 'The horoscope shows Lagna and Moon 52 deg. 15'
Rohini, Jupiter 91 deg. 16' Punarvasu, Sun 148 deg. 15' Uttara Phalguni, Mercury
172 deg. 35' Hasta, Venus 180 deg. 15' Chitra, Saturn 209 deg. .57' Vishakha,
Mars 270 deg. 1' Uttara Ashadha Rahu, 160 deg. 1'.
At present on 27th July 1979 the Sun was at 99 deg. 57', while at Krishna's
birth, according to their opinion, the sun was at 148 deg. 15'. The difference
is 48 deg. 18'. This shows that the Sun has receded back by 48 deg. 18' due to
the precession at the rate of 72 years per degree. multiplying 48 deg. 18' by 72
we get 3456 years. This shows that Krishna was born 3456 years ago or
substracting 1979 from it we can say that Krishna was born during 1477 BC. Thus
3112 BC is found to be wrong. We cannot accept such a wrong date derived from a
manipulated borscope. (This horoscope is printed in "The Age of Bharat War" on
page 241-Publisher, Motilal Banarasidas 1979).
ARCHEAOLOGY
In 1971, when I hinted at the date of Mahabharat war as 5500 years BC,
Archeaologists frowned at me saying it as impossible because no cul- ture was
found in India dating so much back. But now evidences are pouring in Archeaology
itself showing cultures in India upto 30000 to 40000 years BC. Padmashri Late
Mr. V.S. Wakankar has dated the paint- ings in the caves of Bhimbetaka of Madhya
Pradesh to about 40000 BC.
Recently Dr. S.B. Rao, Emeritus Scientist of the National Institute of
Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, has discovered under the sea, Dwaraka and
dated it as between 5000 to 6000 BC. This news has been published by all the
leading newspapers on 22th October 1988.
Motilal Banarasidas News Letter October 1988 gives a news on page 6 under the
heading "50,000 year old Relics" as follows:
Spectacular culture and physical relics dating back to 50,000 years BC have
been excavated from the Central Narmada Valley in Madhya Pradesh. A team of
Anthropological survey of India recently con- ducted the excavation. It explored
sites in two districts Sebore and Hoshangabad.
In my book "Vastava Ramayan" I have shown the presence of culture in India as
far back as 72000 years B.C. This recent news points to that ancient period. I
am sure after some time Arecheaology may get evi- dence to show the presence of
culture in India 72000 BC.
In Vastava Ramayan I have shown that Bali, the demon king went to south
America during 17000 BC when the vernal equinox was at Moola Nakshatra. MLBD
News letter Oct. 1988 gives a news thus :-"Dravidians in America" - According to
a press report the Brazillian nuclear phy- sicist and researcher Arysio Nunes
dos santos holds that the Dravi- dians of South India reached America much
before Christopher Columbus.
Mr. Nunes dos Santos, of the' Federal University of Minas Gerais maintains
that the Dravidians colonised a vast South American region 11000 years before
the Europians reached the new world. Vestiges of the Dravidian presence in
America, he says, include the strange phonetics of Gourani, Paraguay's national
language. Moreover Bananas, Pine Apple, Cocunut and Cotton, all grown in India
could have been taken to America by those navigators.
THE EXACT DATE OF MAHABHARAT WAR
16TH OCTOBER 5561
YEAR B.C.
Harivansh (Vishnu Purana A. 5) states that when Nanda carried Krishna to
Gokul on Shravan Vadya Navami day, there was dry cow-dung spread all over the
ground and trees were cut down. The presence of Dry Cowdung all over in Gokul
indicates the presence of Summer in the month of Shravan. Trees are usually cut
down in Summer to be used as fuel in the rainy season. The seasons move one
month backwards in two thousand years. Today the rainy season starts in Jeshtha
but two thousand years ago, at the time of KaIidas, rainy season used to start
in Ashadha. At the time of Krishna's birth the Summer was in the month of
Shravan while today it is in Vaishakha. Thus the summer is shifted by four
months, hence Krishna's period comes to 4x2000 = 8000 years ago approximately.
This means about 6000 years B.C., the same period we have seen above.
At the time of Mahabharat, the Vernal Equinox was at Punarvasu. Next to
Punarvasu is Pushya Nakshtra. Vyas used "Pushyadi Ganana" for his Sayan method,
and called Nirayan Pushya as Sayan Ashvini. He shifted the names of further
Sayan Nakshtras accordingly. At that time Winter Solstice was on Revati, so Vyas
gave the next Nakshatra Ashvini the first palee in the Nirayan list of
Nakshatras. Thus he used Ashvinyadi Ganana for the Nirayan method. Using at
times Sayan names and at times Nirayan names of the Nakshatras, Vyas prepared
the riddles. By the clue that Nirayan Pushya means Sayan Ashvini, it is seen
that Nirayan names of Nakshatras are eight Nakshatras ahead of the Sayan names
Thus the Saturn in Nirayan Purva, and Sayan Rohini, Jupiter was in Nirayan
Shravan, and Sayan Swati (near Vishakha), while the Mars was in Nirayan
Anuradha, and Sayan Magha, Rahu was between Chitra and Swati, by Sayan way means
it was in Nirayana. Uttara Ashadha (8 Nakshtras ahead). From these positions of
the major planets we can calculated the exact date. My procedure is as
follows:
I found out that on 5th May 1950, the Saturn was in Purva Phalguni. From 1950
I deducted 29.45 years to get the year 1920 when the Saturn was again in Purva.
In this way I prepared a vertical column of the years when the Saturn was in
Purva. Similarly, I prepared vertical columns of the years when the Jupiter was
in Shravan and Rahu in Uttara Ashadha. Then I searched in horizontally to find
out the year common in all the three columns. It was 5561-62 B.C. when all the
three great planets were at the required places. Then I proceded for the
detailed calculations.
Bhisma expired at the onset of Uttarayan i.e. on 22nd December. This is a
fixed point according to the modern Scientific Calendar. He was on the arrow-bed
for 58 nights and he had fought for ten days. Hence 68 days earlier than 22nd
December the War had started. This shows that the War started on 16th October.
We have to calculate the plane- tary positions of 16th October 5561 B.C.
SATURN
Encyclopedia of Astronomy by Larousse states that one rotation of Saturn
takes 26 years and 166 days. One year means 365.25 days. So the Saturn's round
takes 29.4544832 years.
5th May 1950, Saturn conjugated with Purva. We have to see its posi- tion in
5561 years B.C. 5561+1950 = 7511 years. 7511 divided by 29.4544832 gives
255.00362 rounds. This means that Saturn completed 255 rounds and has gone ahead
by 0.00362 or 1.3 degrees. Hence Saturn was in conjugation with Purva on 5th May
5561 B.C. On 16th October' 5562nd B.C. i.e. 164 days later it must have
travelled (0.0334597 degrees (daily pace) multiplied by 164 days =) 5.487
degrees. So Saturn was at 141 degrees or in Purva Nakshatra.
In October 1962, Saturn was at 281 dgrs. 1962 + 5561 = 7523 years. 7523
devided by 29.4544832 gives 255.41103 turns. After completing 255 full turns,
Saturn has gone back by 0.411003 turn i.e. 148 dgrs. 281-148= 133 degrs. This
was the position of Saturn in Purva.
Calculating from 1931 or 1989 also Saturn appears at 141 dgrs. in Purva. Thus
on 16th of October 5562nd B.C. Saturn was in Purva as told by Vyas in
Mahabharat.
RAHU
Rahu takes 18.5992 years per rotation. It was at 132 dgrs. on 16th Oct. 1979.
1979 + 5561 = 7540, divided by 18.5992 gives 405.39378 turns. 0.39378 turns
means 141.7 dgrs. Rahu always goes in reverse direction. We have to go in the
past, so adding 141.7 to orginal 132 we get 273 dgrs. This is Uttarashadha where
Rahu was situated (by Nirayan method).
Calculations from 1989, 1962 and 1893 confirm Rahu in Uttara Ashadha.
JUPITER
Jupiter takes 11.863013 years per rotation. On 16th October 1979, it was at
129 dgrs. 1979+5561 = 7540. 7540 divided by 1.863013 gives 635.58892 turns.
0.58892 turn means 212 dgrs. So Jupiter was 212 dgrs behind the orginal
position. 129 - 212 = -83. -83 means 360 - 83 = 277 degree 277 dgrs is the
position of the star of Shravan. So Jupiter was in conjugation with Shravan. The
span of Shravan is 280 deg. to 293 deg.
Calculations from 1989, 1932 and 1977 show Jupiter in 285 and 281 degrees or
in the zone of Shravan. This confirms the position told by Vyas.
MARS
Mars takes 1.88089 years per rotation. On 16th October 1979, Mars was at 108
dgrs. 1979 + 5561 = 7540 yrs. 7540 divided by 1.88089 gives 4008.7405 turns.
0.7405 turns means 266 dgrs., Mars was 266 dgrs behind the original position of
108 deg. 108 - 266 = 158. 360 - 158 = 202 deg. This is just beyond the star of
Vishakha which is at 200 dgrs. Though in Vishakha-zone Mars has crossed the Star
of Vishakha and intends to go in Anuradha, so the description of Vyas as
"Anurad- ham Prarthayate" that it requests or appeals Anuradha, appears to be
correct.
Calculations from 1962 and 1900 show Mars at 206 and' 208 dgrs and therefore
though in Vishakha, it can be called as appealing Anuradha "Anuradham
Prarthayate". Thus it is seen that Vyas has used tricky but correct terms. He
has not written any false statement because he was the Truth-abiding Sage.
HELIOCENTRIC AND GEOCENTRIC
Here an expert may raise a question whether I have used Heliocentric method
or Geocentric method. I make it clear here that I have used the Heliocentric
method that means I have considered the rotations of planets around the Sun. But
after fixing the position of the planet around the Sun I have also seen where
that planet will be seen from the earth.
I would like the scholars to consider one more point here. When I say that an
insect is sitting near one o' clock position on your watch or clock, one may
think that the insect is between 12 and 1 while other may think that it is
between 1 and 2. So the span to find that insect is from 12 to 2. Similarly Vyas
has mentioned the Nakshatra in the vicinity of the planet and therefore we have
a scope of one Nakshatra on either side to find out the planet. Thus if our
answer is between +13 deg. and -13 deg. from the given position we are
successful. In my calculations I have achieved the perfect positions, but by
chance, somebody gets a different position he is requested to consider a span of
-,+ 13 degrees. The positions given by otheer scholars are far away than the
positions recorded by Vyas, so they are not acceptable.
I request the scholars, to be careful while doing calculations not to take a
retrograde position of the present planet, because that may give a false
position. Please note that all the planets become retro- grade only apparently
when our earth is approaching them. We need not consider their retrograde motion
each year because their rotational periods around the Sun are fixed and in that
they are seen retrograde from the earth apparently. We have to see if the last
position of the planet is retrograde. This can be done easily by considering the
position of the Sun and planet. Any external planet becomes retrograde when it
is in the house from 5th to 9th from the Sun.
LEAP YEAR
Please note that i have taken 365.25 days for a solar year. It covers the
general leap years, but it does not take into account the leap years abandoned
at centuries. At the interval of 400 years leap years are taken according to the
modern scientific calendar. If these cen- tury years are considered, there may
be an error of 50 days in 7500 years duration. As for dates these 50 days are
automatically accounted for because we have taken the winter solstice as fixed
on 22nd December, and it is referred by Vyas, while describing Bhishma's death.
As far as the planets like Saturn, Rahu and Jupiter are con- cerned 50 days are
immaterial because in 50 days the Saturn will move only 1.6 deg. while Jupiter
4.1 deg. as an average. Hence their error is negligible.
Now, we have seen that all the four important planets satisfy their positions
as told by Vyas on 16th October 5562nd B.C. Hence we have no other way but to
accept this date as the exact date of Mahabharat War.
Please note that, so far, not a single Scholar has shown a date with the
planetary positions satisfying the description by Vyas in Mahabharat. Late Mr.
C. V. Vaidya and Prof. Apte show 3102 B.C., but their Mars is in Ashadha,
Jupiter is in Revati, Saturn in Shatataraka and Rahu in Jeshtha. Prof. K.
Shrinivasraghavan, Mr. Sam- pat Ayangar and Sheshagiri show 3067 B.C. but they
put Jupiter and Saturn in Rohini and Sun, Rahu, Mars in Jeshtha. Garga,
Varahmihir and Tarangini show 2526 Before Shaka i.e. 2449 B.C. But their Mars
comes in Dhanishtha, Jupiter and Saturn in Bharani and Rahu in Hasta. P.C.
Sengupta gives 2448 with Saturn 356 deg., Jupiter 8 deg., Mars 157 deg., Venus
200 deg., Sun 200 deg., (Ancient Indian chronology" Calcutta University). The
Western scholars as well as Romeshchandra Datta and S. B. Roy show 1424 B.C. but
their Saturn is in Shata- taraka, Jupiter in Chitra, Rahu in Purva and Sun in
Anuradha with no eclipse. Billandi Ayer shows 1193 years B.C. but his Mars comes
in Mula, Jupiter in Purva Bhadrapada, Saturn in Purva Ashadha and Rahu in
Punarvasu. At 900 B.C. as is proposed by many other scholars, Jupiter comes in
Mula, Rahu in Vishakha and Saturn in Jeshtha. Thus not a single scholar could
coroborate his date with the facts written by Vyas.Hence, their dates have to be
dismissed. (C. V. Vaidya's Upasamhar page 94." Age of Mahabharat War").
I have shown all the planetary positions correct to the description of
Mahabharat. In addition I have shown that the seasons tally with my date, and
the seasons never tally with other dates. I have solved all the planetary
riddles from Mahabharat which nobody could dare. So 16th October 5562nd BC. is
the exact date of the first day of the Mahabharat War. At the beginning of the
War, Vyas promised Dhrutarashtra that he will write history of the Kauravas; so
most probably Vyas must have written the Astronomical data immediately.
URANUS (known to Vyas in 5561 B.C)
All the planets, viz., Sun, Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn and Rahu show
correct positions mentioned in the Mahabharat on 16th December 5561 B.C. This
must be the exact date of the Mahabharat War. After pin-pointing the exact date,
it struck to me that the three additional planets mentioned with positions by
Vyas, may be Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Vyas has named them as Shveta, Shyama
and Teevra. Let us see if the conjecture is correct. We have to prove this with
the help of Mathematics, because we have to go scientifically.
Vishesheena hi Vaarshneya Chitraam Pidayate
Grahah....[10-Udyog.143]
Shevtograhastatha Chitraam Samitikryamya
Tishthati....[12-Bheeshma.3]
In these two stanzas, Vyas states that some greenish white (Shveta) planet
has crossed Chitra. This means that the planet was in Swati (or Vishakha,
because Chitra and Swati are close together). This is the Sayan position hence
Nirayan position is eight Nakshatras ahead in Shravan (or Dhanishtha).
Neelakantha calls this "Mahapata" which means having greater orbit. Greater
orbit indicates a planet beyond Saturn. Hence I assumed Shveta to be Uranus. Let
us calculate and see if this true.
In October 1979, Uranus was at 206 degrees. Uranus takes 84.01 years per
rotation. 1979 + 5561 = 7540. 7540/84.01 = 89.75122 turns. 0.75122 rotation
means 270.4392 degrees. 206-270 = -64 = 296 degrees. This comes in the zone of
Dhanishtha, but the star of Dhanishtha is at 297 degrees, so the position given
by Vyas is confirmed. Hence Shveta must be Uranus.
In October 1883, Uranus was at 151 degrees. 1883 + 5561 = 7444 years.
7444/84.01 = 86.608498 rotations. 0.608498 turn means 219 degrees. 151-219 = 292
degrees. This is Shravan Nakshatra. So Uranus was in Shravan during Mahabharat
War as stated by Vyas under the name of "Shveta".
1930 calculations show Uranus to be at 292.54 degrees or Shravan. Thus our
mathematics proves that Vyas has given correct position of Uranus under the name
of Shveta. This proves that Vyas had the knowledge of Uranus under the name of
Shveta, supposed to have recently discovered by Herschel in 1781. Shveta means
greenish white. Uranus is actually greenish white in colour. So Vyas must have
seen Uranus with this own eyes. Uranus is of 6th magnitude and is visible to the
naked eye according to the modern science.
Neelakantha of 17th century also had the knowledge of Uranus or Shveta. He
writes in his commentary on Mahabharat (Udyog 143) that Shveta, or Mahapata was
a famous planet in the Astronomical science of India. Neelakantha was about 100
years before Herschel, who sup- posedly discovered Uranus. So we can conclude
that one hundred before Herschel, Uranus was known to the Indian Astronomers and
Vyas had discovered it at or before 5561 year B.C.
NEPTUNE (was known to Vyas in 5561 B.C.)
In 1781 A.D., Herschel discovered Uranus; but its calculated positions never
corroborated with the actual positions. So the experts thought of another planet
beyond Uranus. They fixed its position by mathemat- ics, and at that site, it
was discovered by German Astronomers in 1846 A.D. I have found that Neptune is
also mentioned by Vyas in Mahabharat, under the name of "Shyama".
Shukrahah Prosthapade Poorve Samaruhya Virochate Uttare tu Parikramya Sahitah
Samudikshyate....[15-Bheeshma.3] Shyamograhah Prajwalitah Sadhooma iva Pavakah
Aaindram Tejaswi Naksha- tram Jyesthaam Aakramya Tishthati...[16-Bheeshma.3]
Here Vyas says that there was some luminary with Venus in Poorva Bha-
drapada. He adds further that a bluish white (Shyama) planet was in Jyeshtha and
it was smoky (Sadhoom). Saayan Jyeshta means Nirayan Poorva Bhadrapada, so this
is the description of one and the same planet named by Vyas as Shyama.
Neelkantha calls it "Parigha" in his commentary on Mahabharat. Parigha means
circumference, so this planet may be at the circumference of our solar system.;
and so may be Nep- tune. Let us see by Mathematics is this statement is true. We
will determine the position of Neptune on 16th December 5561 B.C.
Neptune takes 164.78 years per rotation. It was at 234 degrees in 1979. 1979
+ 5561 = 7540 years. 7540 divided by 164.78 gives 45.75798 rotations. 0.75798
turn means 272.87 degrees. 234 - 272.87 = -38.87 = 321.13 degrees. This is the
site of Poorva Bhadrapada. So Neptune was in Poorva-Bhadrapada during 5561
B.C.
In 1948, Neptune was at 172 degres. 1948 + 5561 = 7509. 7509/164.78 gives
45.56985 turns. 0.56985 turn means 205 degrees. 172-205 = -33 =360-33 = 327 deg.
This is the zone of Poorva Bhadrapada.
In 1879, Neptune was at 20 degrees. 1879 + 5561 = 7440 years. 7440 divided by
164.78 gives 45.15111 turns. 0.15111 turn means 54.39 deg. 20 - 54.39 = -34.39 =
360 - 34.39 = 325.61 degrees. This is Poorva- Bhadrapada.
Thus the position of Shyama or Parigha is factually proved in the case of
Neptune. Thus, we conclude that Vyas did know Neptune too. Vyas might have got
his knowledge by Yogic Power or by Mathematics or by using telescopic lenses.
Mathematics was far advanced then, that is why ancient Indian sages fixed the
rate of precession of Equinoxes accurately. Even the world famous scientist
Gamov praised the sages for their remarkable work in Mathematics. So could have
mathematically calculated the position of Shyama or Neptune.
Mirrors are mentioned in the Mahabharat. So lenses too might have been
present at that time. They had Microscopic Vision (Shanti A. 15,308). As
microscopic vision was present, there might be telescopes too. Planets can be
seen with mirrors as well as lenses. Vyas must have "seen" Neptune; its proof
lies in the fact that he says that it is bluish white (Shyama). Neptune is, in
fact, bluish white in colour. Hence we conclude that Neptune was known to Vyas
in 5561 B.C.
PLUTO (was also known to Vyas in 5561 B.C)
Krittikaam Peedayan Teekshnaihi Nakshatram......[30-Bheeshma.3]
Vyas states that there was one Nakshatra, i.e, some immobile liminary
troubling Krittika (Pleides) with its sharp rays. This "star" in Krit- tika must
have been some "planet". It must have been stationary for many years, that is
why Vyas called it Nakshatra which means a thing that does not move according to
Mahabharat itself [Na Ksharati Iti Makshatram].
Hence the Nakshatra was a planet moving very slowly like pluto which takes
nine years to cross one Nakshatra of 13 degrees. My assumption that this
Nakshatra was Pluto gets confirmed by B.O.R.I (Bhandarkar Oriental Research
Institute?) Edition which states thus :
Krittikasu Grahasteevro Nakshatre Prathame Jvalan...... [26- Bhishma.3]
Some editions mention 'Grahasteekshnah'. Thus Teevra, Teekshana and Nakshatra
are the names of one and the same planet (graha) which was in Krittlka in 5561
B.C. Let us see if Vyas has given these names to Pluto and if Pluto was in
Krittika. It is stated that Krittika was troubled with sharp rays by that planet
- this indicates that it was Nirayan Krittiika.
Pluto was at 175 degrees in 1979. It takes 248 years per rotation.
1979+5561=7540 years. 7540 divided by 248 gives 30.403223 turns. 0.403223 turn
means 145 degrees. 175 - 145 = 30 degrees. This is the site of Krittika. Thus it
is proved beyond doubt that Vyas bas men- tioned the position of Pluto, which
was discovered to the modern world in 1930. Vyas could have used his Yogic
Vision or mathematical brain or a lens or some other device to discover Teevra,
Teekshna' or Nakshatra or Pluto.
Thus all the three so-called 'New' planets are discovered from Mahabharat. It
is usually held that before the discovery of Herschel in 1781 AD, only five
planets were known to the world. This belief is wrong because Vyas has mentioned
'seven Great planets', three times in Mahabharat.
Deepyamanascha Sampetuhu Divi Sapta Mahagrahah....[2-Bhishma.17]
This stanza states that the seven great planets were brilliant and shining;
so Rahu and Ketu are out of question. Rahu and Ketu are described as Graha' 23
meaning Nodal points. (Parus means a node). Evidently Rahu and Ketu are not
included in these seven great planets. The Moon also is not included, because it
was not visible on that day of Amavasya with Solar Eclipse. From the positions
discovered by me and given by Vyas it is seen that Mars, Sun, Mercury, Jupiter,
Uranus, Venus and Neptune were the seven great planets accumulated in a small
field extending from Anuradha to Purva Bhadrapada. So they appeared to Ved-Vyas
as colliding with each other, during total solar eclipse.
Nissaranto Vyadrushanta Suryaat Sapta Mahagrahah....[4-Karna 37].
This stanza clearly states that these seven great planets were 'seen' moving
away from the Sun. As these are 'seen', Rahu and Ketu are out of question. This
is the statement of sixteenth day of the War, naturally the Moon has moved away
from the Sun. Hence, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Uranus, Venus and Neptune are
the seven great planets mentioned by Vyas.
Praja Samharane Rajan Somam Sapta grahah Iva......[22-Drona 37].
Here again seven planets are mentioned, excluding the Moon.
Even if we do not consider the planetary positions, from the above three
stanzas, it is clear that seven planets are mentioned which do not include the
Sun, Moon, Rahu and Ketu. Naturally the conclusion is inevitable that Vyas did
know Uranus (Shveta) and Neptune (Shyama) as planets.
If they were known from 5561 years B.C. then why they got forgotten ? The
answer is simple, that these two planets, Uranus and Neptune were not useful in
predicting the future of a person. So they lost impor- tance and in the course
of time they were totally forgotten. But, in any case, Neelakantha from 17th
century knew these two planets very weIl. Neelakantha is about a hundered years
ancient than Her- schel, and he writes that Mahapata (Uranus) is a famous planet
in the Astronomical science of India. He also mentions the planet 'Parigha' i.e.
Neptune. 22 So both were known in India, at least one Hundered years before
Herschel. Vyas is 7343 years ancient than Herschel, but still he knew all the
three planets Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
ADDITIONAL
EVIDENCE
Kshaya or Vishvaghasra Paksha
A fortnight of only thirteen days is told by Vyasa which occured just before
the great War. Such a fortnight comes at the interval of 22 years. Calculations
show that at 5562nd B.C. Kshaya Paksha did occur. It had occured 1962 and 1940.
1962+5562 = 7524 is completely divisi- ble by 22.
Amavasya confirmed
Krishna and Karna fixed the day of War on Amavasya (Udyog 142). Vyas also
indicates in Bhishma 2 & 3 that the War started on the day second Amayasya,
because two successive Amavasyas appeared then. Bhishma died on the day after 67
(58+9) nights from the onset of the War, on the occasion Uttarayan i.e. 22nd
December. So the War must have commenced on 16th October. Let us see if Amavasya
comes on this day.
In 1979, Amavasya was on 21st of October. Amavasyas repeat after the
intervals of 29.53058 days. The Lunar year is of 354.367 days while the Solar
year is 365.25 days. 1979+5561 = 7540 multiplied by 365.25 and divided by
354.367 gives 7771.5616 Lunar years. 0.5616 Lunar year means 199.0125 days.
199.0125 divided by 29.53058 gives 6.7392005. This indicates that 6 Amavasyas
are completed and 0.7392005 lunar month or 22 days are left. These 22 days are
left for 21st October and we have to go behind upto 16th October. So adding
these 6 days to 22 we get 28 days. After 28 days Amavasya can occur. After 29
days it always occurs. Thus on 15th and 16th October 5562nd year B.C, there were
two successive amavasyas as mentioned by Vyas.
Another method gives the same conclusion. At the interval of 19 years the
Amavasya falls on the same date. 19x365.25 divided by 29.53058 gives 235.00215.
So in 19 years 235 Amavasya are completed. I found that on 17th October 1963,
there was an Amavasya. 1963+5561 = 7524 divided by 19 gives 396. This division
is complete, so there was an Amavasya. Thus it is established that Vyas has
reported Amavasya correctly.
Eclipses
Vyas has mentioned that there was Solar as well as Lunar eclipses in one
month at the time of Mahabharat War. Calculations confirm that in October 5561
year B.C, both the Solar and Lunar eclipses did occur. Rahu and Ketu were in
Uttara Ashadha at 273 deg. & 279 deg. so total eclipse of the Sun took place
on the Margashirsha Amavasya day Only 13 days earlier, according to Vyasa, there
was Pournirma with lunar eclipse, causing pallor of the Moon. Thirteen days
earlier the sun would have been 13 deg. behind at (279 - 13 =) 266 in Purva
Ashadha. It was Pournima so the Moon was diagonally opposite at (266-180=) 86
deg. in Punarvasu, just beyond Mruga, so it was Margashirsha Pournima though it
is wrongly or enigmatically told to be Kartika Pournima. Rahu was at 273 deg.,
so Ketu was diagonally opposite in Punarvasu, so the ellipse of the moon was
possible which was not total.
A Big comet
Vyas has mentioned that at the time of Mahabharat War a big comet was seen
just beyond Pushya Nakshtra. There are many comets. Indian Astro- nomical works
refer to more than 500 comets, but big comets are very few. Haley's comet is one
of the big comets which comes at the regu- lar intervals of 77 years. It was
seen in 1910 and 1987. If we add 1910+5561 = 7271. 7271 is divisible completely
by 77. Evidently it seems that it was Haley's comet was seen at the Mahabharat
War.
Conclusion
All the twelve planets confirm their said positions on 16th October 5561
years B.C. along with two Amavasyas, two eclipses, Kshaya Paksha and a Comet.
Thus, in all 18 mathematical positions fix the same date. Therefore, we have to
accept this date of the Mahabharat War, if we want to be scientific. Please note
that all the twelve planets will come in the same positions again only after
2229 crores of years. That means it will never happen again in the life of our
earth, because life of the earth is only 400 crores of years. So the date of the
Mahabharat War is pin-pointed as 16th October 5561 B.C.
APPENDIX
Hereunder is provided a short table dates of important Mahabharat events in
years. (Dates and Tithis in years in Rama Samvat assuming Shri Rama Samvat 1st
January. 1 equivalent to 1st Jan 7323 B.C. Rama's birth date has been
conclusively proved to be 4th Dec. 7323 B.C.( "Vastav
Ramayan").
EVENT DATE
Going to forest 4th Sept. 5574 BC
Kitmeet Killed 7th Sept. 5574 BC
Going underground 19th May 5562 BC
Keechak killed 1st April 5561 BC
Anukeechak-Massacre 2nd April 5561 BC
End of secret life 9th April 5561 BC
Cows stolen 15th April 5561 BC
Arjuna exposed 16th April 5561 BC
All pandavas exposed 19th April 5561 BC
Marriage of Uttara 4th May.
& Abhimanyu.
Krishna set out for a treaty. 27th Sept.
Stay at Upaplavya 27th Sept.
Stay at Vrukshthala 28th Sept.
Dinner to Brahmins 29th Sept.
Entry into Hastinapur 30th Sept.
Krishna meets Kunti etc. 1st Oct.
Invited for meeting 2nd Oct.
First meeting 3rd Oct.
Second meeting and an attempt 4th Oct.
to arrest Krishna.
Third meeting Vishvaroopa 7th Oct.
Stay at Kunti 8th Oct.
Krishna meets Karna. War 9th Oct.
fixed.
Krishna returns 9th Oct.
Pandavas preparation 11th Oct.
Balaram's visit.
Mahabharat war started 16th Oct.
Abhimanyu killed 28th Oct. 5561 BC.
End of War 2nd November 5561 B.C.
Yudhishthira crowned 16th Nov. 5551 BC.
Bhishma expired 22nd Dec. 5561 BC
Pandava campaign 15th Jan. 5560 BC
for wealth
Parikshita born 28th Jan. 5560 BC
Pandavas return 25th Feb. 5560 BC
Ashvamedh Deeksha. 1st March 5560 BC
Return of Arjuna Horse 15th Jan. 5560 BC
Ashvamedh yajna 22nd Feb. 5559 BC
Dhrutarashtra went to forest 18th Aug. 5545 BC
Pandavas visited Kunti 18th Aug. 5543 BC
Vidura expired
Death of Kunti, Dhrutarashtra, Sept./Oct. 5541 BC
and Gandhari
Yadava Massacre 5525 B.C.
Parikshit Dead 5499 B.C.
size=+2>References
P.V.Vartak, Swayambhu (in Marathi), Ved Vidnyana Mandal, Pune
posted by sandeep dixit at 3:14 AM
0 comments
